Mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations: procedure, frequency

There is article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which provides that the employer must conduct mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations. What are their conditions? What are they needed for? What are the nuances here? Why did you decide that it is necessary to conduct medical examinations without fail? All these questions will be answered in the article.

general information

Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation requires that the employer conduct mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations at his own expense. The former are carried out upon admission to a company or institution, and the latter during employment. In addition, extraordinary inspections can be carried out at the request of employees. At the same time, they retain their place of work and the average salary for the time of passage. Preliminary examinations are necessary for:

1. Prevention and early detection of diseases.
2. Determining the compliance of the employee's health with the work entrusted to him.

Periodic inspections are carried out in order to:

But this is not a complete list of the tasks of conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations of employees. In fact, the list is overly general.

General organizational issues

They are regulated by article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The following points need to be highlighted:

1. Employees who work in hazardous and/or dangerous conditions and are also associated with traffic must undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations. The first - when applying for a job. During the medical examination, it is determined whether the employees are fit to perform the work assigned to them, and the measures that are necessary to prevent occupational diseases are determined. In the presence of indications, inspections may be extraordinary.
2. Employees of public catering and industry, trade, children's, medical and preventive and water supply institutions must undergo medical examinations in order to maintain and protect their health, as well as to prevent the possible occurrence and spread of diseases.
3. Hazardous/harmful production work and factors should require regular checks on the employee's condition. The time of their holding can be determined both by regulatory legal acts approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and by internal orders at the enterprise.
4. Local self-government structures, if necessary, for individual employers can create additional conditions (indications) when it is necessary to conduct medical examinations.
5. Persons who carry out certain types of activities involving work with significant sources of danger must undergo a psychiatric examination at least once every five years.

Examinations must be carried out by a medical institution of any form of ownership, which has the appropriate license and certificate. The only exception is the psychiatrist. An examination by this specialist is carried out in the office, neuropsychiatric dispensary or department at the place of permanent residence of the employee.

How are mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations carried out?

We pass the doctors: general points

The obligation to ensure this process rests with the employer. To do this, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with a medical institution that has the necessary license to carry out this activity. The employer determines and approves the contingents of employees who will be sent for inspection. It specifies:

1. The name of the position (profession) of the employee in accordance with the current staffing table.
2. The harmful production factor(s) that takes place is indicated. In this case, it is necessary to rely on the list available in Appendix No. 1 to Order No. 302n of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2011.

In order to determine the factors, you can use a special assessment of existing working conditions. If it is not enough, then all possible assistance can be provided by laboratory research and testing, technological, operational and other documentation for mechanisms, equipment, machines, raw materials, materials that are used in the framework of production activities.

Carrying out a preliminary inspection

When the employer accepts an employee, he must issue him a referral for an examination at a medical institution with which there is an appropriate agreement. The document must contain the name of the person who is sending, where, what type of medical examination is needed, the full name of the future employee, his date of birth, position (profession / type of work), dangerous and / or harmful factors. The referral is signed by a representative of the employer with the appropriate authority, and then issued to the person who goes to work. At the same time, it is necessary to keep a record of the issued directions.

When an employee arrives at a medical facility, he must have a referral from the company, a passport, and the conclusion of a medical commission on passing a psychiatric examination. There is already issued additional documentation (in case of its absence). This is an outpatient card and a health passport. They display the conclusions of doctors, as well as the results of instrumental and laboratory studies. In this case, the issued documents receive their unique number. In addition, the date of completion is also indicated. The medical record remains in safekeeping at the medical institution, while the health passport is issued to the employee after the examination has been completed. After its completion, it is necessary to draw up a conclusion signed by the commission indicating the names and initials and certified by the organization in which the employee was. It is made in duplicate. One conclusion is issued to the person who underwent the examination. The second is attached to the patient's medical outpatient card.

Carrying out a periodic inspection

In such cases, contingents of persons are formed, where all the people who should be sent for examination are indicated by name. The resulting lists contain the following data:

1. Full name of the person, his profession (position).
2. Harmful and dangerous production factors.
3. The name of the structural unit in which the person works (if any).

Lists must be prepared and sent no later than two months before the referral for inspection is made. The medical organization within ten days after receiving them must agree on the date of the periodic examination with the employer. He, in turn, must first know the calendar plan of his employees. For registration of these purposes, an order for preliminary periodic medical examinations is used. But the bureaucracy does not end there.

On the part of the head of the medical institution carrying out examinations, it is necessary to prepare a commission that will conduct them. It should identify specialists who have received appropriate training in occupational pathology within their specialty. The established commission is headed by an occupational pathologist. When passing the examination, you must have with you:

1. Direction issued by the employer, where harmful and / or dangerous points are indicated.
2. Identity document (passport).
3. The decision of the medical commission to conduct a mandatory psychiatric examination.

If, after passing the examination, the employee was found fit, then an appropriate medical certificate is issued. It is signed by the chairman of the commission indicating the surname and initials, and also certified by the seal of the organization that conducted the inspection. If an occupational disease has been identified, the employee should be sent to a specialized medical institution or an occupational pathology center. All individuals identified as having problems should be evaluated and given behavioral advice and/or treatment. In the first case, this may be, for example, charging or taking medications. In the second - a referral to a hospital or sanatorium. Here is the procedure for conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations.

production cases

At industrial enterprises, preliminary and periodic medical examinations of employees are mandatory. Take, for example, a food company. If an employee who has tuberculosis is allowed to work, then there is a high probability of claims from the sanitary and epidemiological service with all the ensuing consequences. And therefore, if a cough is too long, it is necessary to send an employee for an unscheduled examination.

Consider another example - a heavy industry enterprise. Suppose a metallurgical plant operates, which has a foundry and a rolling shop. Their constant companion is dust. It comes in both normal and metal. All this negatively affects the respiratory system of the human body. All this gradually clogs the lungs, and a set of measures is needed to improve the health of the worker. Previously, only sending to sanatoriums, undergoing wellness procedures, proper and measured nutrition were offered for this. Now, in addition, you can use drugs that restore a damaged body organ (for example, lungs, bronchi, kidneys, liver). Carrying out preliminary and periodic medical examinations allows you to identify the problems of the human body in time and quickly respond to them, allowing you to get by with minor troubles and avoid complications.

But it should be noted that the danger is not only industrial enterprises. This is also true for residents of small towns. After all, alas, the ecology in them leaves much to be desired.

Alternative cases

Preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers were primarily calculated at the time of creation for those who worked in hazardous and harmful conditions. But now this approach has spread to all employees of various enterprises. For example, those who are busy with sedentary work, say, at the computer. No, of course, and they were previously entitled to vouchers, but those who worked directly in industrial workshops were usually assigned a more substantial recovery. Take, for example, a programmer. It seems to be doing not very difficult work, sitting in one place, but, nevertheless, it is dangerous for the health of a specialist. For it is necessary to sit straight, keep your back in the same way, do not bend your spine, keep the monitor at a distance of forty centimeters. Few people manage to meet all these requirements. It is difficult for the back to hold perfectly half of our body for hours. Therefore, a person wants to slouch, bend down, bend over, cross his legs - in general, take a lighter and sparing position in the short term. But this turns into problems in the future.

What threatens in such cases?

Stoop, pain in the legs, compressed internal organs - this is not a complete list of problems that await those people who do not want to adhere to the professional rules of the workplace. It is noteworthy that if something gets into the lungs, then they themselves gradually cope with harmful factors, or medicines can be used for this. Whereas, for example, with scoliosis, simply taking a pill will not work. You need to exercise, go for a massage, lead a proper lifestyle. Here, mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations and examinations can act as a trigger that will push a person to start taking care of their health. After all, medicines alone will not correct the situation.

Separate nuances

Speaking about the mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations of employees, it is necessary to note some features in the implementation of legislative provisions. So, in some cases, it is provided for the presence of checks on the condition of workers at the beginning of the day / shift, as well as throughout it and at the end. At the same time, medical examinations are included in working hours. If necessary, chemical-toxicological studies can be carried out, both to search for harmful environmental compounds, and to test for psychotropic substances, narcotic drugs and their metabolites.

Speaking about the preliminary / periodic medical examination / examination, it would be useful to recall once again that people associated with sources of significant danger must undergo a psychiatric examination at least once every five years. What does this mean in practice? Suppose we have a person who suffers from protracted and chronic mental disorders that have severe persistent and periodically aggravated painful manifestations (for example, epilepsy with paroxysmal manifestation). In such cases, he cannot work with radioactive and chemical substances.

And yet - the health check is paid by the employer, even if the person is just starting to work. If he pays for it from his own funds, then all the money spent must be reimbursed to him. This is stipulated in article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Conclusion

At enterprises that adhere to the Labor Code, preliminary periodic medical examinations are mandatory. But what if unsafe work is expected or there are other negative factors, and health checks are not carried out, which can lead to accidents? In this case, you must contact the labor inspectorate and defend your rights. After all, civil society does not appear out of the blue, it is formed in the struggle. How is it arranged in our country? We have a large number of rights and opportunities that are recorded on paper, that is, documented. Therefore, you need to know your rights, protect and fight for them. Fortunately, the state system itself provides many tools for this.